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                     AFTER THE CIVIL WAR                                     
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   Simon was assassinated in 135 B.C. His son John Hyrcanus took his place.  
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After Hyrcanus death the former rivalry between the two main political       
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groups-the Pharisees and the Sadducees-aggravated. By about 65 B.C. a civil  
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war follows.                                                                 
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   The famous general Pompey was at this point in the Middle East. He was    
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urged to go to Palestine to help resolve the civil war. He ordered a full-   
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scale siege of the city. In three months Jerusalem fell. Pompey captured it  
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and broke into the Temple.                                                   
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   Pompey's capture of Jerusalem resulted in strict curbs on Judean indepen- 
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dence. The Jews were reorganized into two states, Judea and Galilee, which   
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were seperated by a strip of land around Samaria. Hyrcanus II (Simon's great-
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grandson) was confirmed as High Priest of both states, but the title of      
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Prince was taken from him. He was, in effect, no more than the Roman gover-  
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nor, and he was placed humiliatingly under the supervision of the Roman go-  
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vernor of Syria.                                                             
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   The Pompeian  settlement did not work. The Romans used it as an excuse to 
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extract vast new sums in taxation from a people already paying high taxes.   
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Worse, Hyrcanus II, a weak man who was under the thumb of his Roman advisor, 
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Antipater, allowed the taxations to continue.                                
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